motivational and emotional factors help you to understand your own health and fitness Essay

Nsci 280 Week 4 Quiz

Week Four Quiz Chapter 9 Muscular System: Histology and Physiology ________________________________________ 1. Which of coming up next isn't an element of skeletal muscle? a. body development b. upkeep of stance c. breath d. narrowing of organs e. creation of warmth 2. Which of coming up next is valid? a. Skeletal muscle is fit for unconstrained compression. b. Smooth muscle is found in the dividers of empty organs. c. Heart muscle cells have numerous cores. d. Smooth muscle cells are long and tube shaped. e. There is a limited quantity of smooth muscle in the heart. 3.Which kind of muscle tissue has cells that branch? a. skeletal muscle b. smooth muscle c. cardiovascular muscle d. both skeletal and heart muscle e. both cardiovascular and smooth muscle 4. Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles from weight lifting is brought about by an expansion in the a. number of muscle filaments. b. size of muscle strands. c. number of striations. d. number of cores inside the muscle strands. e. number o f muscle cells. 5. Actin myofilaments a. take after packs of moment golf clubs. b. contain both myosin and tropomyosin. c. are held set up by the M line. d. contain strands of sinewy actin. . are the thickest proteins in muscle. 6. At the point when an activity potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, a. calcium particles diffuse into the presynaptic terminal through voltage-gated particle channels. b. acetylcholine moves into the presynaptic terminal. c. a neighborhood potential is created in the presynaptic terminal. d. ligand-gated particle diverts in the presynaptic terminal are opened. e. nothing else occurs. 7. In excitation-constriction coupling, a. calcium particles must tie with myosin to uncover dynamic destinations on actin. b. myosin makes a beeline for uncovered dynamic destinations on actin. . cross-spans structure between myosin heads and calcium particles. d. development of the troponin-tropomyosin complex makes actin myofilaments slide. e. ATP ties to actin myofi laments. 8. Which of the accompanying clarifies the expanded strain found in different wave summation? a. expanded engine unit enlistment b. expanded grouping of calcium particles around the myofibrils c. introduction of progressively dynamic locales on myosin myofilaments d. the breakdown of versatile components in the cell e. diminished boost recurrence 9. An isotonic withdrawal is portrayed as a. ction potential recurrence is sufficiently high that no unwinding of muscle strands happens. b. a muscle produces steady pressure during withdrawal. c. a muscle delivers an expanding strain during constriction. d. a muscle produces expanding strain as it abbreviates. e. a muscle produces pressure, yet the length of the muscle is expanding. 10. Which kind of breath happens in the mitochondria? a. anaerobic breath b. high-impact breath c. both anaerobic and high-impact breath Chapter 10 Muscular System: Gross Anatomy ________________________________________ 1.The sternocleidomastoid muscle reaches out from the mastoid procedure of the worldly issue that remains to be worked out sternum and average clavicle. At the point when both sternocleidomastoid muscles contract, the head is flexed. The finish of the muscle that interfaces with the sternum is the a. source. b. stomach. c. body. d. addition. e. fixator. 2. Which of the accompanying speaks to a class I switch framework? a. folding your legs b. hyperextension of the head c. remaining on your pussyfoots d. flexion of the elbow to lift the hand e. lifting weight with your arm 3. So as to settle the hyoid with the goal that the larynx can be raised in gulping, the _____ muscle bunch is utilized. . Pterygoid b. Infrahyoid c. Auricularis d. Suprahyoid e. hyoglossus 4. In the event that muscular strength are contracted while the vertebral segment is fixed this will help in a. spewing. b. labor. c. pee. d. crap. e. These decisions are right. 5. Which muscle will discourage the scapula or lift the ribs? a. levator scapulae b. serratus front c. pectoralis minor d. subclavius e. rhomboideus significant 6. Which of the accompanying muscles broadens the lower arm and has its addition on the ulna? a. Deltoid b. biceps brachii c. triceps brachii d. brachialis e. coracobrachialis . The gluteus maximus a. does the greater part of the work in â€Å"sit-ups. † b. represents a runner's position. c. permits one to sit leg over leg. d. is utilized in the automatic reflex. e. is a typical site for infusions. 8. Mark muscle â€Å"A† on the outline. a. orbicularis oculi b. temporalis c. trapezius d. sternocleidomastoid e. masseter 9. Mark muscle â€Å"A† on the outline. a. linea alba b. serratus front c. rectus abdominis d. outside sideways e. inside angled 10. What does â€Å"A† speak to? a. Coracobrachialis b. Deltoid c. pectoralis significant d. biceps brachii e. serratus front

How Long Does LSD (Acid) Stay in Your System

How Long Does LSD (Acid) Stay in Your System Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Print How Long Does LSD (Acid) Stay in Your System? LSD (Acid) in Your Blood, Urine, Hair By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 27, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 10, 2019 Verywell / Cindy Chung More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Effects Duration Detection Times Elimination Symptoms of Overdose Getting Help View All Back To Top LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), often called acid, is an illicit hallucinogenic drug that affects your perceptions for several hours and is detectable on drug screening tests. The drug can be detected by urine, blood, and hair tests, but does not show up on standard saliva tests.   LSD is classified as a Schedule I drug, meaning there is no currently accepted medical use. While LSD is not considered addictive, it can have intense effects and a potential for long-term physical and mental consequences. Tolerance to the drug builds quickly, which means that it takes increasingly higher doses to experience the same effects.   Verywell / Cindy Chung   What to Know About LSD Use How Long Does It Take to Feel Effects? LSD is usually swallowed as a capsule or liquid or absorbed in your mouth on a paper square. Users feel the effects of LSD 20 to 90 minutes after taking a dose, peaking at two to four hours, and diminishing over six to eight hours. In addition to sensory and mood effects, LSD use may also result in:?? Increased blood pressureIncreased heart rateElevated body temperatureDry mouthSweatingDizzinessSleepinessLoss of appetiteNauseaNumbnessWeaknessTremorsDelusionsHallucinations While on an LSD acid trip, people can have rapid emotional shifts, intensified and distorted sensory experiences, and changes in the perception of time.??  If a large dose of LSD is taken, it can produce some very unpleasant effects, sometimes called a bad trip. But some people can experience a bad trip no matter what dosage they consumed. LSD can also produce delusions and visual hallucinations, which can cause some people to panic. People can experience severe, terrifying thoughts and feelings of despair, fear of losing control, or fear of insanity and death. One long-term but the rare danger of LSD use is a condition called hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder (HPPD) in which flashbacks persist and produce distress or impairment for the user in social or occupational functioning. What Happens When You Take LSD? How Long Does LSD Last? The half-life of LSD is around 5.1 hours. The effects can last up to 12 hours. Research has found that peak levels following a single-dose occur at a median of 1.5 hours after administration. After peaking, drug levels decline and reach half of the peak levels at approximately 3.6 hours after administration. The effects of the drug can last for up to 12 hours.   After LSD is orally ingested, the substance is quickly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and mucous membranes. The drug reaches the bloodstream and organs quickly, about 10 to 15 minutes after being ingested. The drug is primarily processed by the liver, where it is metabolized into a number of other inactive metabolites. Within 24 hours, almost all the drug has been metabolized and excreted. Approximately 13% of the drug is eliminated as a metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD). Research suggests that this byproduct is present in urine samples at concentration levels 16 to 43 times higher than LSD.   Researchers have attempted to develop different methods for detecting LSD, but the fact that the drug is unstable, broken down so quickly, and usually taken in relatively small amount presents challenges. Urine LSD can generally be detected in urine tests within eight hours of use and up to two to four days after use. Blood In one study, researchers found that LSD was detectable in blood samples taken 16 hours after participants had been given 200mcg of LSD. For those given a smaller dose of 100mcg, researchers were able to detect the substance in blood tests 8 hours after administration. Because levels decline steadily over time, the ability to detect the substance via even very sensitive blood tests dropped considerably after the 16-hour mark. Hair LSD,  like many other drugs, can be detected with a hair follicle drug test for up to 90 days. However, the use of hair testing is relatively rare. Because the drug is often taken at such low doses, it can be very difficult to detect in both research and forensic settings.  While hair tests may occasionally be used to check for LSD, they tend to be costly and their results may be unreliable. False Positive Testing There are some medications that may cause false-positive urine drug screens for LSD,?? including: Amitril (amitriptyline)Wellbutrin (bupropion)Buspar (buspirone)Cardizem (diltiazem)Prozac (fluoxetine)Trandate (labetalol)Ritalin (methylphenidate)Zoloft (sertraline)Risperdal (risperidone)Verelan (verapamil)Ambroxol??Fentanyl ?? As a result, positive LSD results are critically evaluated and initial positive results must be confirmed by a second independent testing technique. Always disclose any prescription or over-the-counter medications you are taking to the lab so clinicians can accurately interpret your drug screen results. Factors That Affect Detection Time There are a number of different factors that can affect how long LSD can be detected in the body. How soon LSD is eliminated depends on your metabolism and factors such as your weight, whether you are well-hydrated, and how healthy all of your bodily systems are.?? Keep in mind that if you have any other drugs in your system, they may be detectable on drug screens for longer than LSD and might influence how long LSD stays in your system.  You cannot be assured of the purity of an illegally manufactured drug and there may be other detectable substances in LSD doses. With LSD, timing is a key factor that influences whether the drug will be detectable by screening tests. After 24 hours, the drug will no longer be detectable in blood tests. After 72 hours, the drug is much more difficult to detect on urine tests. Some other factors that can influence detections times for LSD include: Age Younger people metabolize LSD faster than those over the age of 65. This is due to the fact that younger people typically have faster metabolisms and better liver function than older adults. Liver Function The liver plays a key role in the metabolism of LSD, so the drug may be detectable longer in those with reduced or impaired liver function. Metabolism As with other substances, overall metabolism plays a part in determining how quickly LSD is cleared from the body. People with faster metabolisms may process the drug much more quickly than those with slower metabolisms. How to Get LSD Out of Your System If you need to get LSD out of your system quickly, there are some steps that you can take to possibly speed up the process. Stop taking the drug. With LSD, timing is the critical factor. It is much harder to detect the drug after 24 hours from your last use on blood tests, so the sooner you stop using, the better.Exercise. Physical activity may accelerate metabolism.Stay hydrated. As with other drugs, hydration levels can have an impact on how quickly LSD is metabolized. Because LSD and its metabolites are excreted through urine, drinking plenty of fluids may help flush the drug out more quickly. Symptoms of Overdose The use of LSD at high doses and in combination with some other substances, including some antidepressants, can lead to a potentially dangerous phenomenon known as serotonin syndrome. This condition is caused when there is too much serotonin in the body, resulting in symptoms including confusion, muscle spasms, tremors, rapid heartbeat, and nausea. While there is no known lethal dose of LSD, taking too much can result in a terrifying experience that is commonly known as a bad trip. This experience is dangerous because it may result in hallucinations, self-harm, risky behaviors, or suicide. Potential symptoms that may occur after a bad trip can include: Panic  ParanoiaDelusionsHallucinationsSelf-injuryMood swingsSevere anxietyAccidentsSuicide If you suspect that someone is having an adverse reaction to LSD use, contact emergency services right away. Stay with the person and try to keep them calm until help arrives. What Happens During a Bad Trip? Getting Help LSD affects your mind and body significantly for at least 12 hours after a dose. You cannot be assured of the dosage and purity of an illegally manufactured drug, which can influence how long you feel the effects and how long it remains in your system.?? LSD can affect your ability to function normally at work, at home, and at school. If you feel like you need help, talk to your doctor about your options. Treatment approaches may include outpatient or inpatient rehab that focuses on individual counseling, group therapy, and family therapy. There are no FDA-approved drugs used in the treatment of LSD use. However, your doctor may prescribe medications to help treat symptoms of other psychiatric conditions including depression and anxiety. If you are concerned about your LSD use, you can also contact the SAMHSA National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357 or utilize their online treatment locator to find treatment resources near you. How to Find the Right Drug Treatment Program

James Earl Jones a Voice in the Crowd - 2904 Words

James Earl Jones: A Voice in the Crowd March 19, 1996 People all around the world know the voice of James Earl Jones. From Star Wars fans listening to the voice of Darth Vader to news junkies who hear a voice that dramatically intones AThis is CNN@ just before all the cable network= s station breaks to children who hear the stately voice of the majestic Mufasa, the king of the jungle in Walt Disney Pictures= animated The Lion King - people know this deep harmonious voice belongs to this consummate actor of stage and screen. James Earl Jones was born January 17th, 1931, in Arkabutala Township, Mississippi. His natural parents, Ruth and Robert Earl, moved away to the Mississippi Delta when he was an infant. Raised for the rest of his†¦show more content†¦AThere was nothing to lose, I thought. I could use my GI Bill to go to acting school, and if it didn=t work out, I could step back into my Army career@(Jones 83). Jones lived by the premise AActing can never really be taught. It must be learned in a thousand ways, over and over again. Learning to act is ongoing, a lifelong process, and the responsibility rests with the actor@(89). Under this idea, Jones felt the only place to learn was in New York, and in 1955 he packed his bags. Once they were reunited in New York, Robert Earl let his son move in and they pursued separate careers. Recalling a childhood nickname, Jones assumed the stage name of Todd Jones and, at the age of 24, was accepted by the American Theatre Wing. One year later, after an argument with his father, James Earl Jones rented his own Acold-water-flat@ and went back to his full name. After receiving his diploma at the Theatre Wing in 1957, Jones auditioned for Tad Danielewski=s acting workshop, where he was accepted and set to work on scenes from three memorable plays: Othello, Of Mice and Men, and Miss Julie. In October, Jones received his first chance to be in a Broadway production as an understudy for Lloyd Richards who played the role of Perry Hall in The Egghead, starring Karl Malden and directed by Hume Croyn at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre. The understudy=s dream did not come true then , but three months later Jones received a speaking partShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement Essay3359 Words   |  14 PagesJ. Edgar Hoover. Once he fell on the radar of the FBI King was subjected to constant harassment and blackmail. King spoke at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. to a crowd of over 40,000. A month and a year later the SCLC hosted multiple voter registration meetings, in an effort to give the African American people a voice in government. Through the SCLC King created Crusade for Citizenship to help with voter registration. 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When the movie was releasedRead MoreMedia Propaganda9887 Words   |  40 Pages[18]  These centers became the primary producers of both Reformation works by the Protestant Reformers and anti-Reformation works put forth by the Roman Catholics. 19th and 20th centuries: Trade’s  Laws of Imitation  (1890) and  Gustavo Le Bons  The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind  (1897) was two of the first codifications of propaganda techniques, which influenced many writers afterward, including  Sigmund Freud. Hitlers  Mein Kamp  is heavily influenced by Le Bons theories. Journalist  Walter LippmannRead MoreImpooving Employee Performance72019 Words   |  289 Pageshas shared the experiences of top-ï ¬â€šight organizations and made available their forms and procedures so that every reader can immediately beneï ¬ t from the lessons they have learned. In his original foreword to the ï ¬ rst edition of this valuable book, James L. 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Analysis Of The Jesus I Never Knew By Philip Yancey

Yancey â€Å"The Jesus I Never Knew† by Philip Yancey is a book that breaks down Jesus’s life. This book opens up eyes that were once closed to certain situations. This book makes the bible relatable and actually makes the reader to think about the time when Jesus was born. Instead of reading the bible word for word, this book allows you to think about what actually happed during the time period. â€Å"The Jesus I Never Knew† puts the bible in modern time and put the bible in our eyes. We all know how the first Christmas actually happened, but I never understood the background story of it. Jesus was a person that as a human begins to grow into adulthood, their knowledge and understanding of Jesus changed. Paul Yancey wrote, â€Å"I first got acquainted†¦show more content†¦The people were foretold of Jesus’s coming, but they were not expecting him to come as a common person. They were expecting him to come in riches and glory, but he came down in the humblest way. Our whole existence was based on a young teenage girl named Mary. She was foretold by an angel of her being pregnant with the holy son. If it was up to our generation to give birth to a being that would save the whole world, they might dismiss the idea and try to abort the child. Our generation would be in shambles. According to Yancey, â€Å"The virgin Mary, though, whose parenthood was unplanned, had a different response. She heard the angel out, pondered the repercussions, and replied, â€Å"I am the Lord’s servant. May it be to me as you have said† (Yancey, 32). Mary was ready for the spirit of the Holy Ghost to impregnate her with the holy child. Even though she was a teenager, she did not question the what the angel had told her. Mary was engaged to be married to Joseph and instead of Joseph making a big scene about he baby (Jesus) not being his, he hid her away from the shame that his soon to be wife would endure. Jesus’s coming was a lready foretold in the Old Testament and he hardly seemed like a threat to Caesar Augustus, because of the great kind Augustus was. Jesus’s birth was a small incident while Augustus ruled and little attention was paid to him, but it all changedShow MoreRelatedLeadership Lessons of Jesus Christ4625 Words   |  19 PagesMeholick Research Paper The Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ When we talk about Jesus as a leader, we may imply two different forms: Jesus as the only Son of God, God of the universe, or the risen Christ as being one with God; or Jesus as the 1st century flesh and blood human being, the historical figure. Since the purpose of studying leadership is to improve ones own leadership skills, it makes sense to analyze Jesus applicable traits, actions, and accomplishments as a goodRead More The Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ Essay4531 Words   |  19 PagesThe Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ When we talk about Jesus as a leader, we may imply two different forms: Jesus as the only Son of God, God of the universe, or the risen Christ as being one with God; or Jesus as the 1 st century flesh and blood human being, the historical figure. Since the purpose of studying leadership is to improve ones own leadership skills, it makes sense to analyze Jesus applicable traits, actions, and accomplishments as a good leader—in his historical role—so hisRead MorePoverty Term Paper4739 Words   |  19 PagesOutline I. Introduction A. Significance of the Study B. What is Poverty? C. History of Poverty in the Philippines D. Demographics of Poverty II. Entrenched factors associated with poverty A. Colonial Histories B. Centralization of Power C. Corruption D. Warfare E. Environmental degradation F. Social Inequality III. Lethal and Long-term Effect of Poverty

The Role and Influence of Mass Media Free Essays

Topic 5: The role and influence of mass media Since the development of technology, mass media becomes an important part of modern society. It influences all areas; therefore, it is raising a question among people about what are the role and influence of mass media. The term mass media refers to the channels of communication (media) that exist to reach a large public audience (the mass of the population). We will write a custom essay sample on The Role and Influence of Mass Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mass media includes newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and more recently, the Internet (Kristin Susan, 2002). Mass media is an efficient supporter in education, policy, entertainment, finance, and all other fields. One function of mass media is education. Mass media supplies an enormous source of documentaries on a wide range of topics such as animals, behavior, geography, history, or art (Kristin Susan, 2002). The information is extremely helpful with students at any levels. Additionally, mass media contains many visual documentaries, which make learners easier to see and use theories rather than only reading text. Secondly, there are many educational children’s programs like teaching children to count or recognize words, or introducing them to different societies and cultures (Kristin Susan, 2002). There are also many programs which help parent to solve their kids’ problems. Fox example, the book â€Å"Good parent bad parenting†, which is published by Lulu. com publisher on February 2 in 2004, is one effective product of mass media which help parents to educate their children. The mass media is also a useful aid of policy. Almost all of politicians use the mass media to promote their positive images or political opinions. There is an example of using the mass media to advertise during his campaign of the United State President Barack Obama: The GOP group announced that they were going on air with a $25 million of advertising to buy in most of the major battleground states to counter a pro-Obama advertising campaign of the same amounts (â€Å"Obama campaign,† 2012). Moreover, some ministries use the mass media to introduce new policy and to take feedback from the populace. For instance, the Vietnamese Ministry of Transport presented a new policy about taking fare of transport on Monday, January 1st 2012 (â€Å"The Ministry of transportation,† 2012). After a few days, they received many opinions among the public, which included positive and negative feedback so that they could correct this policy. Another important function of the mass media is entertainment. Since the development of the mass media, the entertainment industry has been more and more successful to approach the public. There are many entertainment programs available on TV, radio, or the Internet every day. The variety of entertainment programs make them suitable for all types of viewers. On TV nowadays, there are some special channels for people interested in travelling, discovering, cooking, shopping, etc. For example, cable TV has nearly one hundred of channels of all fields, which are very useful. One type of the mass media, advertising, brings benefits to both entertainment industry and economy. All producers use advertisements to introduce their products to public with an aim to sell goods. However, with the dense appearance of advertisements, advertising can be seen as one type of entertainment. Besides the positive influence, there is so much negative influence of the mass media. Firstly, the mass media contains so much unsuitable content that affect badly everyone, especially the children. Some violent programs on TV or on the Internet make children aggressive and make them use violence to solve their problems exactly like what they have seen on the mass media. A recent review of sixty-seven studies that investigated the influence of TV violence on aggression in children found that three-quarters of the studies claimed to find some association(Kristin Susan, 2002). One noticeable example about this issue is about the juvenile criminal named Le Van Luyen. He intended to kill four people in a family to rob their gold (â€Å"Le Van Luyen kill mercilessly,† 2011). His bloody crime was quite a disaster. However, it also has been available in mass media for a long time. Therefore, his images and crime were available on all types of mass media. This led to another terrible crime of a younger criminal named Dao Van Tai. He killed two people to rob property. When being asked by police, he admitted committing this crime by copying the crime of Le Van Luyen (â€Å"The second frightened murder,† n. d). Secondly, mass media sometimes invades people’s privacy. Celebrities and politicians are usually the victims because they receive more concern from society than others. The mass media industry sometimes uses private details to make profits rather than showing the full view of somebody’s live to the public; hence, mass media public their scandals or bad behaviour. These invasions are bad for their profession or even destroy their reputation. Mass media even is an origin of spreading out secret information of the government. Once the secret information is leaked out, it will be available all over the world rapidly through mass media. For example, the latest intelligence of the United States, which is flooded in all types of the mass media, is the secret information of the war in Afghanistan. The information really makes the United States nervous. Washington fears it may have lost even more highly sensitive material including an archive of tens of thousands of cable messages sent by US embassies around the world, reflecting arms deals, trade talks, secret meetings and uncensored opinion of other governments (â€Å"Afghanistan war log,† n. d). The mass media may contain misleading information, which has negative impact on the public. Since some information in the mass media is misreporting, misquoting, rumor, or exaggeration, people do not know which one is reliable; therefore, they waste time reading wrong information. That is so confusing! Mass media plays an important role in modern society. It can have positive influence on one side and negative impact on the other side. The public can not refuse its advantages by only seeing the disadvantages of the mass media. However, people must have an overlook to the mass media so that they can take advantages of mass media as much as they can! END WORDS COUNT: 994 REFERENCE LIST: 1. Book: Kristine, B. Susan, H. (2002), Academic encounters- Life in the society, New York, Cambridge. 2. Web document: Afghanistan war logs story behind biggest leak in intelligence history (n. d). Retrieved July 5, 2010, from http://www. guardian. co. uk The second frightened murder in Vinh Phuc (n. d). Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http://www. kenh14. vn Obama campaign: Crossroads ad campaign is â€Å"dishonest† (2012), from http://www. pilitico. com The Ministry of transportation explain the reasons for fare of transport (2012). Retrieved November 1, 2012, from http://www. vneconomy Le Van Luyen killed mercilessly people (n. d). Retrieved November, 2011, from http://www. vnexpress. net How to cite The Role and Influence of Mass Media, Papers

Irritable Bowel Syndrome Essays - Abdominal Pain, RTT, Syndromes

Irritable Bowel Syndrome IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME Suffering in Silence Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is a common disorder of the intestines that affects nearly one out of five people in the United States. According to the book, Irritable Bowel Syndrome & the Mind-Body-Brain-Gut Connection by William B. Salt II, IBS is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder. The symptoms include constipation, diarrhea or alternating bouts of both, bloating, abdominal pain and many other problems. Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome usually begin during adolescence or early adulthood. Altered bowel movements occur over periods of days to weeks. Occasionally, symptoms may be continuous. In a given individual, both constipation and diarrhea can occur, or either can be the recurring symptom. The course of the disease varies from patient to patient, but individually, it can follow a consistent pattern. The diarrhea of irritable bowel syndrome is usually of small volume, but frequent. Episodes commonly occur during periods of stress. The initial morning movement may be normal, but followed by successively loose bowel movements throughout the rest of the day. Bowel movements may be associated with extreme urgency. The diarrhea rarely awakens patients from sleep and there is usually no associated fever or rectal bleeding. The abdominal pain of irritable bowel syndrome can vary in severity from mild to severe. It is usually felt in the lower abdomen, especially on the left side. The pain may be dull, sharp, crampy or continuous. It is commonly relieved by the passage of gas or by defecation *1*. Each year, 2.6 million people seek treatment for symptoms related to functional gastrointestinal disorders, and visits to physicians total 3.5 million (Salt xiv). The average age of onset of IBS is between 20 and 29 years of age, and IBS is prevalent throughout the world including China, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Scandinavia (Salt xiv, xv). The public is made aware of cases of HIV, heart disease, various forms of cancer, etc., on a daily basis, yet IBS is relatively unheard of. Because of this, millions of people who suffer from IBS feel there is a stigma attached to their disease and they must suffer in silence. IBS is not a rare disease. In fact, it is the second leading cause of absenteeism in the workplace, coming in behind the common cold *2*. Unlike the common cold, however, there is no over-the-counter drug that can be picked up at the local drug store at the first sign of symptoms. Furthermore, there are few prescription drugs that have been used to treat IBS with positive results. The first prescription drug specifically developed for diarrhea-predominant IBS, Lotronex, was released to the market in March of 2000. Glaxo Wellcome, maker of Lotronex, says the precise mechanism of action of the drug is not fully understood. However, the working hypothesis is that the experimental drug blocks the action of the neurotransmitter serotonin and 5-HT3 receptor sites in the gastrointestinal track. The thinking is that serotonin and 5-HT3 receptors play a role in increasing the sensations of pain and affecting bowel function in IBS patients. In addition, nerves that control the muscles in the gut may overreact to stimuli such as gas and the passage of food after a meal. This may cause painful spasms and contractions and speed up or slow the passage of stool through the colon, resulting in diarrhea or constipation *3*. Lotronex has only been shown to work in women, and there is presently no medication available for men suffering from Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Lotronex works by blocking the level of serotonin in the intestinal system in order to reduce the cramping abdominal pain and discomfort, urgency and diarrhea. The first step in determining if the bowel problems in question are caused by IBS is to visit a physician for a check up. Chances are, he will refer the patient to a gastrointerologist, who will then order outpatient testing to be done at a hospital. This battery of tests can include an upper and lower GI, a barium enema/X-ray, an EGD?which consists of sticking a scope down the throat to look into the stomach, an ultrasound, and any other deemed necessary by the specialist. IBS will be diagnosed after it is determined that the patient's organs are

Prior Knowledge Improves Reading Comprehension

Prior Knowledge Improves Reading Comprehension Using prior knowledge is an important part of reading comprehension for children with dyslexia. Students relate the written word to their previous experiences to make reading more personal, helping them to both understand and remember what they have read. Some experts believe that activating prior knowledge is the most important aspect of the reading experience. What is Prior Knowledge? When we talk about prior or previous knowledge, we refer to all of the experiences readers have had throughout their lives, including information they have learned elsewhere. This knowledge is used to bring the written word to life and to make it more relevant in the readers mind. Just as our understanding about the subject can lead to further understanding, misconceptions that we accept also add to our understanding, or misunderstanding as we read. Teaching Prior Knowledge A number of teaching interventions can be implemented in the classroom to help students effectively activate prior knowledge when reading: preteaching vocabulary, providing background knowledge and creating opportunities and a framework for students to continue building background knowledge. Pre-teaching Vocabulary In another article, we discussed the challenge of teaching students with dyslexia new vocabulary words. These students may have a larger oral vocabulary than their reading vocabulary and they may have a difficult time both sounding out new words and recognizing these words when reading. It is often helpful for teachers to introduce and review new vocabulary before beginning new reading assignments. As students become more familiar with the vocabulary and continue to build their vocabulary skills, not only does their reading fluency increase but so does their reading comprehension. In addition, as students learn and understand new vocabulary word, and relate these words to their personal knowledge of a subject, they can invoke that same knowledge as they read. Learning the vocabulary, therefore, helps students to use their personal experiences to relate to stories and information they read. Providing Background Knowledge When teaching math, teachers accept that a student continues to build upon previous knowledge and without this knowledge, they will have a much more difficult time understanding new mathematical concepts. In other subjects, such as social studies, this concept is not readily discussed, however, it is just as important. In order for a student to understand written material, no matter what the subject, a certain level of prior knowledge is needed. When students are first introduced to a new topic, they will have some level of prior knowledge. They may have a great deal of knowledge, some knowledge or very little knowledge. Before providing background knowledge, teachers must measure the level of prior knowledge in a specific topic. This can be accomplished by: Asking questions, beginning with general questions and slowly increasing the specificity of questionsWrite statements on the board based on what students have shared about the topicHave students complete a worksheet, without grading, to determine knowledge Once a teacher has gathered information on how much the students know, she can plan lessons to students further background knowledge. For example, when beginning a lesson on the Aztecs, questions on prior knowledge might revolve around types of homes, food, geography, beliefs, and accomplishments. Based on the information the teacher gathers, she can create a lesson to fill in the blanks, showing slides or pictures of homes, describing what types of food were available, what major accomplishments the Aztecs had. Any new vocabulary words in the lesson should be introduced to the students. This information should be given as an overview and as a precursor to the actual lesson. Once the review is completed, students can read the lesson, bringing in the background knowledge to give them a greater understanding of what they have read. Creating Opportunities and a Framework for Students to Continue Building Background Knowledge Guided reviews and introductions to new material, such as the previous example of the teacher providing an overview, before reading are extremely helpful in providing students with background information. But students must learn to find this type of information on their own. Teachers can help by giving students specific strategies for increasing background knowledge about a new topic: Reading summaries and conclusions of chapters in a textbookReading the end-of-chapter questions before reading the chapterReading the headings and subheadingsFor books, reading the back of the book for information on what the book is aboutOlder students can review cliff notes before reading the bookSkimming the book, reading the first line of each paragraph or reading the first paragraph of each chapterSkimming for unfamiliar words and learning definitions before readingReading short articles on the same topic As students learn how to find background information on a previously unknown topic, their confidence in their ability to understand this information increases and they can use this new knowledge to build and learn about additional topics.References: Increasing Comprehension by Activating Prior Knowledge, 1991, William L. Christen, Thomas J. Murphy, ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills Prereading Strategies, Date Unknown, Karla Porter, M.Ed. Weber State University The Use of Prior Knowledge in Reading, 2006, Jason Rosenblatt, New York University

Miller Surname Meaning and Origin

Miller Surname Meaning and Origin The common Miller surname is usually occupational, but there are also other possibilities. Miller is usually an occupational surname referring to a person who owned or worked in a grain mill.The Miller surname also possibly be derived in some instances from the Gaelic words meillear, meaning having large lips; malair, or merchant; or maillor, a man wearing armor or a soldier.In ancient times the Miller surname originated from the Molindinar (mo-lynn-dine-are), a Scottish burn (rivulet) that still flows under the streets of modern Glasgow. Surname Origin:  English, Scottish, German, French, Italian Alternate Surname Spellings:  MILLAR, MILLS, MULLAR, MAHLER, MUELLER, MOELLER Fun Facts About the Miller Surname: The popular Miller surname has absorbed many cognate surnames from other European languages, for example, the German Mueller; the French Meunier, Dumoulin, Demoulins, and Moulin; the Dutch Molenaar; the Italian Molinaro; the Spanish Molinero, etc. This means that the surname alone doesnt really tell you anything about your distant family origins. Famous People with the Surname MILLER: Arthur Miller (1915-2005) - American playwright best-known for his Pulitzer Prize-winning play Death of a Salesman.Shannon Miller - American gymnast and Olympic gold medalistAlice Duer Miller - American womans suffrage activist, journalist, and writerWilliam Miller - author of Wee Willy Winkie and other nursery rhymes (1810-1872)Reggie Miller  - American basketball player Genealogy Resources for the Surname MILLER: 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Miller Family History: Gary Miller offers information on his Miller families of Chester and Columbia counties in Pennsylvania, along with some transcribed Miller records from Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York.Miller Genealogy of Western North Carolina: Marty Grant has provided a huge amount of information on his three Miller lines in Western North Carolina, along with links and information on other Miller families around the world.Miller DNA Study: This large DNA surname study includes over 300 tested members of the Miller family with the goal of untangling 5,000 distinct Miller lines in the world today.Miller Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Miller surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Miller query.FamilySearch - MILLER Genealogy: Explore over 22 million historical  records, digital images and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Miller surname and its variations on this free website of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MILLER Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Miller surname.DistantCousin.com - MILLER Genealogy Family History: Free databases and genealogy links for the last name Miller.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

In William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily analyze the personality and Research Paper

In William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily analyze the personality and behavior of Miss Emily - Research Paper Example On the other hand, she becomes an object to be scrutinized by people in her town, and this turns her into a mysteriously mute figure. There are other situations where Emily portrays qualities of stereotypical southern â€Å"eccentric† that are unstable and exceptionally tragic, thereby leading to bizarre behaviors (Qun, 66). Emily is also described as a person who enforces her own sense of law and conduct; for instance, she refused to pay taxes, which was illustrated, when she was purchasing the poison. Besides, this is also demonstrated by her behaviors such as skirting the law through refusal to have numbers attached to her house when federal mail service is instituted. Nonetheless, her effort to dismiss the law began to take more sinister consequences, thereby resulting killing her husband. This paper will focus on analyzing the character of Emily as portrayed in â€Å"A Rose for Emily" by William Faulkner. In this case, this analysis will begin with general analysis of he r character, which will be followed by an analysis in three perspectives, which include; Emily as a daughter and woman, as an artist and her legacy. Emily is presented to be a monument, which is pitied, irritating, and focusing on living her own life in her ways and terms. People in her township gossips her after accepting to be married to Homer without firm wedding plans; in fact, this lead to drawing people’s attention to her way of life, whereby people make various speculations about her. The act of buying the poison is considered to be effort to commit suicide by people in her town. However, Emily had numerous instabilities that resulted to different directions and leading to finals scene of making a conclusion that she had necrophilia (Qun, 67). In this case, necrophilia is a condition, which regards a sexual attraction to dead bodies. In addition, this is a term used to describe a powerful desire to control another person in a context of romantic through an intense pers onal relationship. Therefore, Emily as a necrophiliac, controlled her relationship, which resorted to bonding with unresponsive entities without resistance or will, like the case with dead bodies. Daughter and Woman Emily is also portrayed as the only child in her family, whereby the narrator does not mention of her siblings, and her mother is not mention. Moreover, it is striking that the narrator fails to mention about her mother, since there is not reasonable explanation for this. Instead, the narrator focuses on emphasizing on the way she was her father’s daughter and the loneliness she experienced due to him (Fang, 106). On the other hand, she is completely controlled by his father up to his death and this control continues even after his death. For instance, he separates her from the rest of the world, during his life, whereby he ensures that Emily did not have any friends, lover, or husband. In this case, her father sets up a life that is in a way that is impossible fo r her to change until her death (Fang, 106). Emily is portrayed to be a weak person, who is unwilling to declare a stance against her father; though this idea is in a way that blames has as the victim. Her father is depicted as a person who is strangely controlling, domineering, and willing to treat her daughter with cruelty. However, her behaviors are disguised by this theory after his death, whereby she tried to get rid of the perception that had been created by her father (Fang, 106). Nevertheless, Emily failed to pursue her own desires of love and sex, and the effort to pursue womanhood fails leading to a decision to revert to

Childhood Obesity in the US Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Childhood Obesity in the US - Research Paper Example There is no agreement on the definition of childhood obesity. The Body Mass Index remains the most commonly used method to measure obesity. Other professionals also assert that a 20% higher weight of an individual of a certain height and age constitutes obesity. Others also maintain more than 25% for boys and 32% in girls (Emedicine Health, n.d). Obesity is not a problem of the under developed world. People in third world countries face the problem of malnutrition. Obesity, therefore poses health risks to the lives of people in the industrialized world. In United States alone, sixty percent of adults and fifteen percent of children come under the definition of obesity (Tessmer, Hagen, Beecher, 2006). The health hazards related to obesity create problems not only for adults, but also for children (Caprio et. al., 2008). The issue of childhood obesity remains a very challenging one. The problem of childhood obesity is of increasing prevalence. Obesity does not only affect the weight of a person, it destroys the self-esteem of a person. â€Å"Diabetes, high blood pressure, heart diseases, and depression are some of the dangerous risks of obesity† (Tessmer, Hagen, & Beecher, 2006). Different reasons are associated for this ever-increasing problem. The paper attempts to discuss those various factors. Certain factors that deserve due respect include that of cultural factors, biological factors and socioeconomic ones, as mentioned in the topic. However, these factors are not solely responsible for obesity. Specifically, parental influences and attitudes also account for an increase in youth Obesity. Many experts claim that the environment that individuals live in play an important part in determining the lifestyle of a certain person. The environment consists of culture. Sociologically, culture is a system formed by a common understanding. It also shapes the perspectives of different individuals inhibiting a certain society. With regard to obesity, different cultures have different interpretations. Some may consider obesity as a health problem, while others may not. Culture also shapes the eating and working habits of individuals (Caprio et. al., 2008). Illness and deviance form a major part of culture, therefore obesity has a strong cultural background. In some societies, obesity may come under consideration of deviance. Deviance is a divergence from certain norms and values of the society. Different ethnic groups also form different societies within a certain society, in this case the United States. Different cultural factors of various ethnic groups play a major role in a div erse society such as the US. In a country like United States, which supports different types of ethnic groups, different perspectives are most likely to occur. Culture variation therefore occurs due to migration. In addition, in the increasingly globalised world of today, culture has had a profound impact. Certain eating habits have developed because of increased international trade. Promotional food marketing has also occurred due to increased communication. Such patterns have contributed to unhealthy eating habits in the US (Caprio et. al., 2008). Values remain an important part of the culture of different societies. Although the definition of body size is generalized, different ethnic groups and populations have different perceptions about body size. Different ethnic groups reside in the US, for example, African Americans, Fijians, and sub-Saharan Africans among others. Generally, these groups prefer larger body sizes compared to Europeans. Therefore, perceptions of obesity diffe r. These perceptions have led to an increase in child obesity

Dr. Faustus Essay - Pride, Insolence and the Fall of Doctor Faustus

Pride, Insolence and the Fall of Doctor Faustus  Ã‚   As a highly revered individual - a doctor of theology who is also involved in liberal arts, medicine and law - Doctor Faustus possesses limitless knowledge. Nonetheless, unfortunately the more people know the more curious, thirsty and greedy for knowledge they become. Thus, wanting to know more and therefore, gain supernatural power, Faustus creates his own fall through pride, insolence and child-like behavior - the by-products of the dominating id that overpowers the superego in this particular case. The above excerpt was provided to make the student aware of the focus of the essay, the complete paper begins below: "...Man builds towels of the spirit from which he may survey larger horizons that those of his class, race and nation. This is a necessary human enterprise. Without it man could not come to his full estate. But it is also inevitable that these towers should be Towers of Babel, that they should pretend to reach higher than their real height; and should claim a finality which they cannot posses," quotes Sylvan Barnet in his introduction to Christopher Marlowe's "Doctor Faustus" (xiv). Doctor Faustus lives in such pretension. Due to Faustus' extraordinary, celebrated, restless and insatiable mind that differs from the ordinary minds, the quote above stands as the basic premise for Marlowe's play. As a highly revered individual - a doctor of theology who is also involved in liberal arts, medicine and law - Doctor Faustus possesses limitless knowledge. Nonetheless, unfortunately the more people know the more curious, thirsty and greedy for knowledge they become. Thus, wanting to know more and therefore, gain supernatural power, Faustus creates his own fall th... ...ioned by his immediate circumstances...He wants to be man. He is not content with his truth. He seeks the truth...His restless mind seeks to comprehend the meaning of all cultures so that he may not be caught within the limitations of his own" (xiv). Works Cited and Consulted Beddow, Michael. Thomas Mann: Doctor Faustus. Cambridge: Cambridge, 1994. Carnegy, Patrick. Faust as Musician: A Study of Thomas Mann's Novel Doctor Faustus. London: Chatto & Windus, 1973. Guerin, Wilfred L., Earle Labor, Lee Morgan, Jeanne C. Reesman, John R. Willingham. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Marlowe, Christopher. Doctor Faustus. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: Signet Classic, 1969. Russell, Jeffrey Burton. The Prince of Darkness: Radical Evil and the Power of Good in History. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.

Citizenship in America Essay

U.S. citizens are lucky. We have freedom of speech, freedom of religion and many more rights. Citizenship can mean different things to different people. Who a country defines as its citizens may differ in different times and different places. In general, we know that citizenship belongs to a person who lives in a certain country and has certain rights. Yet, I believe that the true essence of citizenship lies in the duty to help solve problems.   In the United States, the idea of citizenship has evolved over time. For instance, in 1776, most blacks, Indians and white women had no right to vote. They had to struggle to become full citizens. The right and responsibility to vote came after a long and hard fight. Studying history is a key part of effective citizenship because from people in the past, we learn examples of good citizenship. One very good example of good citizenship was that shown by Jane Addams. Even at age six in 1866, she was an initiator and she wanted to change her world. During that time, she got this remark from Theodore Roosevelt, president from 1901 to 1909, that Addams became â€Å"the most useful citizen.† When she was 29 years old, Addams bought a large, old house called the Hull House in a poor immigrant area of Chicago. They soon learned that Addams wanted to help poor people solve the problems they faced. At Hull House, immigrants could learn English. Working parents could even leave their babies there during the day and the children were encouraged to take art classes. She also made the house available for family gatherings, weddings and other events. Addams raised money herself to pay for these programs. She also tried to change the government and often she worked in campaigns for people running for office whom she believed had honest intentions. She also wrote letters to members of Congress. She went to meetings to support giving women the right to vote. She lead marches to support laws ending the use of child labor in factories. She also tried to influence the government. In fact, people today can still petition, or try to influence the policies of government. Petitioning is one of the basic rights of all citizens protected by the United States Constitution. When garbage filled up the alleys near Hull House, she was worried that the piles of trash may cause disease and death among the children in the neighborhood. So, she did something none of us would ever think of—she applied a job as a garbage inspector. Thus, she was able to follow those garbage wagons all the way to the dumping site just to be sure that garbage is properly disposed. Addams was good citizenship personified. In my own way, I want to do the same thing as Addams did. Starting from my own home, I can begin helping my parents in cleaning our surroundings. I can also do some volunteer work in our community during weekends when there are no exams in school. Volunteer work can be fun especially when I mobilize my other friends to join in. I am sure they will be open to make themselves useful, in our own small way, in making a difference to the world out there. In my own small way, I can learn from people of the past how it is to exercise good citizenship. Making the community look good is a part of good citizenship. In fact, the community is a setting that provides much potential for helping and learning at the same time. Libraries, museums, and many places are rich sources of exercising good citizenship. For afterall, citizenship requires initiative, courage and sacrifice. As Jane Addams said, â€Å"Progress is not automatic; the world grows better because people wish that it should and take the right steps to make it better.† REFERENCES Jane Addams 1860-1935. Retrieved Oct. 10, 2006 at: http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/janeadams.html#childhood Wikipedia. Jane Addams. Retrieved Oct. 10, 2006 at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Addams Women Working. Jane   Addams. Retrieved Oct. 10, 2006 at: http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/people_addams.html

What Happens To The Human Body In A Vacuum

As humans get closer to the time when astronauts and explorers will be living and working in space  for long periods of time, a lot of questions arise about what it will be like for those who make their careers out there. There is a great deal of data based on long-duration flights by such astronauts as Mark Kelly and Peggy Whitman, but the life sciences experts at most space agencies need a lot more data to understand what will happen to future travelers.  They already know that the long-term inhabitants aboard the  International Space Station  have experienced some major and puzzling changes to their bodies, some of which last long after they are back on Earth. Mission planners  are using their experiences to help plan missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. NASA However, despite this priceless data from actual experiences, people also get a lot of non-valuable data from Hollywood movies about what its like to live in space. In those cases, drama usually trumps scientific accuracy. In particular, the movies are big on gore, especially when it comes to depicting the experience of being exposed to vacuum. Unfortunately, those movies and TV shows (and video games) give the wrong impression about what its like to be in space.   Vacuum in the Movies In the 1981 movie Outland, starring Sean Connery, there is a scene where a construction worker in space gets a hole in his suit. As the air leaks out, the internal pressure drops and his body is exposed to a vacuum, we watch in horror through his faceplate as he swells up and explodes. Could that really happen, or was that dramatic license? A somewhat similar scene occurs in the 1990 Arnold Schwarzenegger movie, Total Recall. In that movie, Schwarzenegger leaves the pressure of the habitat of a Mars colony and begins to blow up like a balloon in the much lower pressure of the Mars atmosphere, not quite a vacuum. He is saved by the creation of an entirely new atmosphere by an ancient alien machine. Again, could that happen, or was dramatic license at play? Those scenes bring up an entirely understandable question: What happens to the human body in a vacuum? The answer is simple: it wont blow up. The blood wont boil, either. However, it will be a quick way to die if an astronauts spacesuit is damaged.   What Really Happens in a Vacuum There are a number of things about being in space, in a vacuum, that can cause harm to the human body. The unfortunate space traveler wouldnt be able to hold their breath for long (if at all), because it would cause lung damage. The person would probably remain conscious for several seconds until the blood without oxygen reaches the brain. Then, all bets are off.   The vacuum of space is also pretty darn cold, but the human body doesnt lose heat that fast, so a hapless astronaut would have a little time before freezing to death. Its possible that they would have some problems with their eardrums, including a rupture, but maybe not.   Being marooned in space exposes the astronaut to high radiation and the chances for a really bad sunburn. Their body might actually swell some, but not to the proportions so dramatically shown in Total Recall. The bends are also possible, just like what happens to a diver who surfaces too quickly from a deep underwater dive. That condition is also known as decompression sickness and happens when dissolved gases in the bloodstream create bubbles as the person decompresses. The condition can be fatal and is taken seriously by divers, high-altitude pilots, and astronauts.   NASA / Bill Stafford / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain While normal blood pressure will keep a persons blood from boiling, the saliva in their mouth could very well begin to do so. Theres actually evidence for that happening from an astronaut who experienced it. In 1965, while performing tests at the  Johnson Space Center, a subject was accidentally exposed to a near vacuum (less than one psi) when his space suit leaked while in a vacuum chamber. He did not pass out for about fourteen seconds, by which time unoxygenated blood had reached his brain. Technicians began to repressurize the chamber within fifteen seconds and he regained consciousness at around the equivalent of 15,000 feet of altitude. He later said that his last conscious memory was of the water on his tongue beginning to boil. So, theres at least one data point about what its like to be in a vacuum. It wont be pleasant, but it wont be like the movies, either. There have actually been cases of parts of astronauts bodies being exposed to vacuum when suits were damaged. They survived due to quick action and safety protocols. The good news from all those experiences is that the human body is amazingly resilient. The worst problem would be lack of oxygen, not lack of pressure in the vacuum. If returned to a normal atmosphere fairly quickly, a person would survive with few if any irreversible injuries after an accidental exposure to vacuum. More recently, astronauts on the International Space Station found an air leak from a hole made by a technician on the ground in Russia. They were in no danger of losing their air right away, but they had to go to some effort to get it plugged safely and permanently. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.